A Map of the Soul
Kabbalah describes the patterns, the continuum of existence, giving order to what otherwise might seem random. Kabbalah provides us with a map of the soul, the hierarchy of our own experience serving as a key to the larger workings of the universe. Our own experience demystifies the cosmos.
Corresponding to the five levels of soul (nefesh, ruach, neshamah, chaya, yichidah) are the five general realms of human faculties; action, emotion, intellect, will, delight. There is a hierarchy of these functions, the higher (the latter) directing the lower (the former.)
Action: From one perspective action is the least spiritual experience. Dry, routine action, performed without emotion, intellect, will or delight is almost robotic, hardly human. The Rebbes tell us that love and fear (awe) are the wings which elevate our performance of mitzvos and that without these emotions our sacred behavior remains at a relatively low spiritual level. We are all familiar with the hollowness of actions performed without feeling.
However, and here is another paradox, a turning things upside down, that Kabbalah delights in, from another perspective, as our rabbis remind us, "Action is the main thing." Great good intentions without practical follow through count for very little. Action proves and improves the intention. Doing something shows you care more than reams of pretty words. Sacred behavior transcends our emotional appreciation and intellectual conception, making us an agent of the King as we perform the Divine Will and in so doing render G-d delight. It is precisely when we perform the Will of the King without understanding or appreciation that we are most expressing G-d's sovereignty, His Kingship/Malchus; "The very highest light can become manifest only in the very lowest [state of being.]" (Siddur Im Dach Shaar HaLagBaOmer P.304b ff.) In terms of Kabbalah Healing it is to be observed that it is in regards to the disease, where we lack understanding and appreciation, that the greatest enlightenment is to be found.
That action has a superior influence on psychology can be seen in the improvement in studying derived from straightening out the desk or the improvement in mood from a brisk walk.
On the Tree of Life action is associated with Malchus/Kingship. Asiyah is the World of Action.
Action is associated with nefesh.
Emotion: Emotions, as the word implies, move us. They motivate behavior. They give purpose and strength to our activity. Emotion directs action. Emotion contains a subtlety and refinement compared with the coarse mechanical nature of action.
On the Tree of Life emotion is associated with the six sefirot Chesed/Kindness, Gevurah/Restriction, Tiferet/Beauty, Netzach/Victory, Hod/Splendor and Yesod/Foundation. These are referred to as the middot/emotions (literally "measures.") Collectively they are referred to as Zeir Anpin/the Short Countenance or the Holy One Blessed Be He or sometimes simply Tiferet after their central sefira. Emotion is associated with ruach.
Intellect: Intellect is a higher psychological function than is emotion. Intellect ought to direct emotion. Intellectual appreciation adds to our emotional response; the more you know about something the more you can like it or dislike it. Intellect is more sophisticated, more refined and complex than emotion. Emotion is a more animal response, while intellect is human. Emotion can inform thought, motivate it; impassioned intellect does have its advantages over cold calculation. (Note that it is possible to have thought without intellect; The thought, "I am hungry" is an example of nonintellectual thought.)
As noted above, in the World of Tohu animals are higher than man, still in this World of Tikkun human qualities are superior, more refined.
On the Tree of Life intellect is associated with the three sefirot Chochma/Wisdom, Binah/Understanding and Daas/Knowledge. These intellectual faculties are collectively known as sechel and are also referred to by the acronym ChaBaD. Intellect is associated with neshamah.
Will: Will/Ratzon is a desire for something. Will or desire is essentially above intellect/sechel. Intellect may inform or enhance will; we may understand that or why something is desirable. For example, a music connoisseur's desire to hear a piece of music may be enhanced by an understanding of the theory behind its composition or a knowledge of its historical roots. However, fundamentally ratzon is above sechel; someone's desire for chocolate has nothing to do with knowledge of its molecular configuration or how the cocoa plant grows. Will directs intellect, not the other way around.
On the Tree of Life will is associated with the lower half of Keser/Crown, namely, Arich Anpin/the Long Countenance. Will is associated with chaya. As mentioned in the preceding section chayah is an aspect of soul which is apart from the body, hovering, as it were, above it. Its association with Keser/Crown is appropriate since the crown rests above the head, body.
Delight: We desire (will) something which gives us Delight/Tainug. Desire directs Will/Ratzon.
Physical pleasure is very limited. For example, hunger for food or sex (in healthy individuals) is easily satiated and then we don't want any more. The pleasure from emotional stimulation is less limited. Still after one scary movie or one afternoon with a loved one we may have had enough. Intellectual pleasure is deeper still, harder to exhaust. Then there are pleasures which are above intellect, for example, listening to music or admiring the beauty of nature which are seemingly inexhaustible.
The kabbalists assure us that the greatest pleasure is that of the soul uniting with G-d. This occurs each time we do a mitzvah. So great is this pleasure that it transcends our ability to feel it, limited as we are by our coarse physical existence. These unperceived pleasures are stored up for us and are the reward we receive in the World-to-Come. The Lubavitcher Rebbe once remarked, "If the seekers after worldly pleasures knew how much delight was in the Torah they would follow it."
Delight/Tainug on the Tree of Life is associated with the upper half of Keser/Crown, namely, Atik Yomin/the Ancient of Days. Delight is associated with yichida. As with chayah, yichidah also not resident in the body so its association with Keser/Crown is again appropriate since the crown rests above the head.
It should be obvious that, although for the purpose of explanation we have considered them separately, there is a rich, varied, dynamic interaction between these five basic spheres, action, emotion, intellect, will and delight.